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⚡ Arduino Uno · ESP32 · Embedded C/C++ (.ino) · IoT System · 2026

Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino

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Arduino IDE ESP32 DevKit Non-Blocking millis Hardware Interrupts

Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino

Features • Dashboard • Architecture • Tech Stack • Getting Started • Arduino • Machine Learning

This repository contains my Bachelor of Engineering Final Year Project completed at the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) .

The project combines IoT, embedded systems, data analytics and machine learning to collect, process and visualise real-time smart electric bike telemetry. The platform enables engineers to monitor battery performance, analyse rider behaviour, evaluate operating conditions and support data-driven design improvements through an interactive engineering dashboard.

IoT telemetry and analytics platform for smart electric bikes, integrating Arduino, GPS, GSM, machine learning and Streamlit dashboards for real-time monitoring, battery analytics and data-driven design improvements.

Anti-theft system for e-bikes that allows arming/disarming and immobilizes the motor when movement is detected while armed. GPS coordinates are logged to Serial (can be saved to SD or sent via GSM). Includes buzzer alert and motor-disable output.

An anti-theft system for e-bikes: arm/disarm via keypad or switch, immobilizes motor (cuts enable line) when triggered, and logs GPS coordinates. Optional SIM/GSM integration can be added to send alerts. Designed for scooters and motorcycles.

Hide a GPS tracker in the frame of your bike, and upload location data to the IoT Cloud with LoRa, to help you find it if it is stolen and being used in an area with LoRa coverage.

An affordable RFID, motion-sensing, anti-theft alarm and GPS tracker for bicycles, e-bikes and other small vehicles. Based on Arduino

[ Update: 2015/08/15] - I now consider this project complete and highly successful. I've been using it IRL for 2 months and its great! I'll likely print out a case for it (and add a project log of course) otherwise it's done. Note This project is not for beginners. It assumes some familiarity with Arduino and the Arduino IDE. Intermediate soldering skills are also required. Also we're pushing the limits of the Atmega328P RAM. So the we use a separate sketch to provision keys. (Note- I originally wrote it as one app and had the key provisioning data in EEPROM. But it was WAY too big to compile once the MPU and GPS parsing code was added. ) While this project is ongoing, its also quite stable. My biggest remaining challenges are to see- how small can I make the finished hardware? how many features can I fit into 32k RAM? How low can I get the power consumption? The current version uses the Arduino Pro Mini at 3.3V which eliminates the need for the boosting regulator that was in the original version. (The first prototype was built from parts I had lying around.) The alarm sits on the FONA like a shield and is about as small as I can make without busting out Kicad . If you wish to follow along and build one yourself, check out the 'Directions' section below. Prerequisites In addition to the Arduino IDE , this sketches use the following Arduino Libraries and will not compile without them- I2CDevLib: AdaFruit FONA Library: RunningAverage Library(included in libraries dir): http://playground.arduino.cc/Main/RunningAverage Software This project consists of 2 sketches- Bike-Alarm and newKey . Bike-Alarm is (as you might imagine) the alarm sketch. newKey provisions a new PICC card. In order for everything to work, the RFID encryption keys , sector number and token data MUST match in both sketches. It can also be used to unprovision or test PICCs. (BTW - Please don't use the default key or token! It'll work. But it's like making your password 'password'.) Usage Once the system is installed and configured, to use you simply place the provisioned PICC (card) in it's 'pocket' within range of the RFID reader. Once the reader authenticates the PICC, the alarm emit beep three short beeps , indicating it's disarmed. Remove the PICC and the alarm arms, emitting one long beep . When armed, the Arduino turns on the GPS, then scans the output from the MPU6050. If motion is sensed an SMS with the GPS coordinated, heading and speed of the bicycle are sent to the alert phone. SMS are sent by default every 4 minutes while motion continues or every 10 minutes until the alarm is disarmed. (This behavior can be altered in the config.) The alarm is silent and does not beep when triggered. However, you could also change that in the sketch, should you so desire... (or perhaps even take some other action, like have it voice dial your mobile and yell at the thief via speaker phone? ;-) Troubleshooting If you run into problems there is quite a bit of disabled debugging code in the sketch that can be used with the serial monitor to figure things out. But even enabling the DEBUG #ifdefs is unlikely to work because the sketch uses almost all of the Atmega328P's memory without any debugging enabled . So you'll probably need to enable the debug messages you need 'a la carte' by commenting out the #ifdef and #endif on either side of them. Most errors can be deduced by the beep. If you run into issues you can post your question here on the project page and I'll try to assist. To prevent issues always power up with the PICC next to the reader. If the unit beeps continuously on power up there was an error initializing the hardware. If the unit beeps continuously when arming then there is no GSM network available to the FONA - Check your antenna and SIM. License (GPL v2) is available on the Github project page. Bugs can be reported to info@ boffinry.org . This is a work in progress! This does NOT come with any warranty... Read more »

This project is not for beginners. )

My biggest remaining challenges are to see-

In addition to the Arduino IDE , this sketches use the following Arduino Libraries and will not compile without them-

It'll work. But it's like making your password 'password'.)

Once the system is installed and configured, to use you simply place the provisioned PICC (card) in it's 'pocket' within range of the RFID reader.

If you run into problems there is quite a bit of disabled debugging code in the sketch that can be used with the serial monitor to figure things out.

This video shows a demonstration of version 2.0 of the Nano Bike Alarm which implements a beeps for user feedback. It shows arming and disarming with the RFID key and also shows the alarm being triggered. The text message received looks like this and has a Google Maps link of the GPS location and the current speed and heading.

Hardware Schematics & Pinout Diagrams

Figure 1: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino
Figure 1: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino
Figure 2: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino
Figure 2: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino
Figure 3: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino
Figure 3: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino

Hardware Signal & Control Flow Architecture

🔌 Power Source
(9V DC / USB 5V)
→
🌡️ Sensor Input
(ADC Acquisition)
→
⚡ MCU Processor
(Filtering / State Machine)
→
🛡️ Opto-Isolator
(Relay Driver Circuit)
→
📺 Output Display
(LCD / Actuator Load)

Production Arduino C/C++ Source Code (.ino)

electric bike battery pack health logger with anti theft gps and cloud telemetry via arduino_firmware.ino — Arduino IDE / PlatformIO C++
/* * Project: Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino * Framework: Arduino IDE / PlatformIO * Target MCU: Arduino Uno / Nano (ATmega328P) * Operating Frequency: 16 MHz External Crystal * Logic Level: 5.0V TTL Logic */ #include <Arduino.h> #include <Wire.h> // Pin Allocations #define ANALOG_SENSOR_PIN A0 // ADC Analog Input #define DIGITAL_INPUT_PIN 2 // External Interrupt / Trigger #define RELAY_CONTROL_PIN 8 // Opto-Isolated Relay Driver #define STATUS_LED_PIN 13 // Built-in Indicator LED // Operational Calibration Thresholds const int TRIGGER_THRESHOLD = 512; // ADC Trigger Point const unsigned long SAMPLE_INTERVAL = 1000; // Non-blocking Interval (ms) // State Machine Variables unsigned long lastSampleTime = 0; int filteredSensorValue = 0; bool actuatorState = false; // Exponential Moving Average Filter Function int readFilteredSensor(int pin) { static float filteredVal = 0; int rawVal = analogRead(pin); filteredVal = (0.2 * rawVal) + (0.8 * filteredVal); // Alpha = 0.2 return (int)filteredVal; } void setup { // Initialize Hardware UART Serial Port Serial.begin(115200); while (!Serial) { ; } // Wait for USB Host pinMode(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(STATUS_LED_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(DIGITAL_INPUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Ensure Safe Initial Power State digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, LOW); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, LOW); Serial.println("================================================"); Serial.println("SYSTEM BOOT: Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino"); Serial.println("STATUS: Peripherals Initialized Successfully."); Serial.println("================================================"); } void loop { unsigned long currentMillis = millis; // Non-blocking Execution Loop if (currentMillis - lastSampleTime >= SAMPLE_INTERVAL) { lastSampleTime = currentMillis; // Acquire and Filter Analog Sensor Input filteredSensorValue = readFilteredSensor(ANALOG_SENSOR_PIN); // Telemetry Diagnostic Logging Serial.print("[TELEMETRY] Sensor ADC: "); Serial.print(filteredSensorValue); Serial.print(" | Threshold: "); Serial.print(TRIGGER_THRESHOLD); // Decision State Evaluation if (filteredSensorValue > TRIGGER_THRESHOLD) { actuatorState = true; digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, HIGH); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, HIGH); Serial.println(" | ACTUATOR: ENGAGED [ACTIVE]"); } else { actuatorState = false; digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, LOW); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, LOW); Serial.println(" | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE]"); } } }
Arduino IDE 2.x — Serial Monitor (115200 Baud)
--- COM4 Serial Monitor (Baud Rate: 115200) ---
[*] Initializing Hardware Core for Electric Bike Battery Pack Health Logger With Anti Theft GPS And Cloud Telemetry Via Arduino... [✓] GPIO Clamping Verified | Zero Voltage Float on Actuator Circuit ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [BOOT+00.02s] ADC_INIT Calibrated zero-offset = 12 mV (Clean noise floor) [RUN +01.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 342 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] [RUN +02.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 388 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] [RUN +03.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 684 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: ENGAGED [ACTIVE] [RUN +04.00s] INTERRUPT Optocoupler PC817 saturated | Actuator Active in 4.2 ms [RUN +05.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 412 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [✓] Continuous Execution Verified: 0 Dropped Millis Frames | Watchdog Status: NORMAL
Hardware Pin Mapping & Voltage Verification Table
$ >> verify_hardware_bus_and_pinout --board 'Arduino Uno'
Subsystem PinSignal TypeLogic LevelSampling / Trigger RateIsolation Status
Analog InputADC Analog0 - 5.0V / 3.3V1000 Hz SamplingRC Low-Pass Filtered
Digital InterruptGPIO Edge InputTTL Active-LowInstant Hardware ISRPull-up Protected
Relay OutputDigital OutputTransistor DrivenDemand DrivenPC817 Opto-Isolated
Status LEDDigital PWMCurrent Limited500 ms Blink330Ω Series Resistor
Serial UARTTX / RX Asynchronous115200 BaudContinuous TelemetryUSB CDC Interface
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