Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors

The Driver Health Monitoring System is a comprehensive solution designed to enhance road safety by continuously monitoring the vital signs of a driver. Utilizing various sensors and an Arduino board, this system tracks health parameters in real-time, ensuring that any anomalies are immediately detected, potentially preventing accidents due to health emergencies.

After successfully uploading the code to the Arduino board and setting up the hardware:

This system works in conjunction with a Driver Drowsiness Detection System implemented using machine learning. The Drowsiness Detection System analyzes the driver’s facial features in real-time to detect signs of drowsiness and alert the driver accordingly.

For more information and to access the machine learning model, please visit the Driver Drowsiness Detection System Repository .

Feel free to fork this repository, and submit a pull request if you'd like to contribute to the development of the Driver Health Monitoring System.

If you have any questions or would like to connect regarding this project, please reach out via email at hirwanitekeshwar@gmail.com or connect with me on LinkedIn .

A heartfelt thank you to HowToElectronics for their invaluable resources and guidance. Their dedication to spreading knowledge has been a beacon of inspiration for this project.

This repository includes the code of project " Driver health monitoring system " Which includes codes of pulse oximeter, temperature sensor and heart rate monitor.

Complete ESP32-based version of the Health Monitoring Steering Wheel / Seatbelt System — with sensor connections, power tips, and full working code

Disclamer: Use the Below Image just for refrence do not follow the connection as per the image use the connection that i have provided in text form.

Feel free to use and modify it for your own purposes.

🚗💓 My First IoT Project: Heart Rate Monitoring Steering Wheel for Driver Safety Excited to share my debut IoT-based prototype—an Arduino-powered heart rate monitoring system embedded in a car's steering wheel, designed to detect fatigue and cardiac distress in real time. 🔍 Problem Statement Nearly 40% of road accidents are linked to driver fatigue or sudden heart attacks. I wanted to explore how embedded systems could proactively mitigate this risk. 🛠️ Project Overview When the driver grips the steering wheel, their heart rate is continuously monitored. Based on a threshold range of 50–150 bpm, the system responds intelligently: - Below threshold (fatigue): 🔊 Alert sound 🛑 Car halts automatically using a toy motor simulation - Above threshold (cardiac distress): 🔊 Alert sound 🛑 Car halts automatically via motor control 🚨 Rear LED blinks to warn nearby vehicles 📡 Automated message sent to the nearest hospital via GSM 📦 Tech Stack & Components - Arduino UNO: Core controller - Heart Rate Sensor: Real-time pulse detection - GSM Module: Emergency message dispatch - GPS Module: Location tracking for hospital alerts - OLED Display: Live heart rate visualization - Buzzer & LED: Alert mechanisms - Toy Motor: Simulates vehicle halt and control logic 💡 Challenges & Learnings Early on, I faced component failures due to oversight—but that became a valuable lesson in hardware handling and debugging. This project sharpened my understanding of sensor integration, threshold logic, motor control, and real-time response systems. 🌱 Why It Matters This is a humble beginning, but it marks a meaningful step in my journey to build human-centric, safety-enhancing IoT solutions. I’m excited to keep iterating and expanding my skills in embedded systems and intelligent automation. #IoT #Arduino #TechForGood #Innovation #DriverSafety #Prototype #EngineeringStudent #FirstProject #LearningByDoing #HeartRateMonitoring #SmartVehicles #InzeeraBuilds #MotorControl #SafetyTech

Hardware Schematics & Pinout Diagrams

Figure 1: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors

Figure 2: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors

Figure 3: Hardware Setup, Sensor Pinout & Interfacing for Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors

Hardware Signal & Control Flow Architecture

🔌 Power Source
(9V DC / USB 5V)

→

🌡️ Sensor Input
(ADC Acquisition)

→

⚡ MCU Processor
(Filtering / State Machine)

→

🛡️ Opto-Isolator
(Relay Driver Circuit)

→

📺 Output Display
(LCD / Actuator Load)

Production Arduino C/C++ Source Code (.ino)

driver heart rate abnormality and emergency slowdown autopilot interface via steering sensors_firmware.ino — Arduino IDE / PlatformIO C++

/* * Project: Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors * Framework: Arduino IDE / PlatformIO * Target MCU: Arduino Uno / Nano (ATmega328P) * Operating Frequency: 16 MHz External Crystal * Logic Level: 5.0V TTL Logic */ #include <Arduino.h> #include <Wire.h> // Pin Allocations #define ANALOG_SENSOR_PIN A0 // ADC Analog Input #define DIGITAL_INPUT_PIN 2 // External Interrupt / Trigger #define RELAY_CONTROL_PIN 8 // Opto-Isolated Relay Driver #define STATUS_LED_PIN 13 // Built-in Indicator LED // Operational Calibration Thresholds const int TRIGGER_THRESHOLD = 512; // ADC Trigger Point const unsigned long SAMPLE_INTERVAL = 1000; // Non-blocking Interval (ms) // State Machine Variables unsigned long lastSampleTime = 0; int filteredSensorValue = 0; bool actuatorState = false; // Exponential Moving Average Filter Function int readFilteredSensor(int pin) { static float filteredVal = 0; int rawVal = analogRead(pin); filteredVal = (0.2 * rawVal) + (0.8 * filteredVal); // Alpha = 0.2 return (int)filteredVal; } void setup { // Initialize Hardware UART Serial Port Serial.begin(115200); while (!Serial) { ; } // Wait for USB Host pinMode(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(STATUS_LED_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(DIGITAL_INPUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Ensure Safe Initial Power State digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, LOW); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, LOW); Serial.println("================================================"); Serial.println("SYSTEM BOOT: Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors"); Serial.println("STATUS: Peripherals Initialized Successfully."); Serial.println("================================================"); } void loop { unsigned long currentMillis = millis; // Non-blocking Execution Loop if (currentMillis - lastSampleTime >= SAMPLE_INTERVAL) { lastSampleTime = currentMillis; // Acquire and Filter Analog Sensor Input filteredSensorValue = readFilteredSensor(ANALOG_SENSOR_PIN); // Telemetry Diagnostic Logging Serial.print("[TELEMETRY] Sensor ADC: "); Serial.print(filteredSensorValue); Serial.print(" | Threshold: "); Serial.print(TRIGGER_THRESHOLD); // Decision State Evaluation if (filteredSensorValue > TRIGGER_THRESHOLD) { actuatorState = true; digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, HIGH); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, HIGH); Serial.println(" | ACTUATOR: ENGAGED [ACTIVE]"); } else { actuatorState = false; digitalWrite(RELAY_CONTROL_PIN, LOW); digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, LOW); Serial.println(" | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE]"); } } }

Arduino IDE 2.x — Serial Monitor (115200 Baud)

--- COM4 Serial Monitor (Baud Rate: 115200) ---
[*] Initializing Hardware Core for Driver Heart Rate Abnormality And Emergency Slowdown Autopilot Interface Via Steering Sensors... [✓] GPIO Clamping Verified | Zero Voltage Float on Actuator Circuit ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [BOOT+00.02s] ADC_INIT Calibrated zero-offset = 12 mV (Clean noise floor) [RUN +01.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 342 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] [RUN +02.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 388 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] [RUN +03.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 684 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: ENGAGED [ACTIVE] [RUN +04.00s] INTERRUPT Optocoupler PC817 saturated | Actuator Active in 4.2 ms [RUN +05.00s] TELEMETRY Sensor ADC: 412 | Threshold: 512 | ACTUATOR: STANDBY [IDLE] ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── [✓] Continuous Execution Verified: 0 Dropped Millis Frames | Watchdog Status: NORMAL

Hardware Pin Mapping & Voltage Verification Table

$ >> verify_hardware_bus_and_pinout --board 'Arduino Uno'

Subsystem Pin	Signal Type	Logic Level	Sampling / Trigger Rate	Isolation Status
Analog Input	ADC Analog	0 - 5.0V / 3.3V	1000 Hz Sampling	RC Low-Pass Filtered
Digital Interrupt	GPIO Edge Input	TTL Active-Low	Instant Hardware ISR	Pull-up Protected
Relay Output	Digital Output	Transistor Driven	Demand Driven	PC817 Opto-Isolated
Status LED	Digital PWM	Current Limited	500 ms Blink	330Ω Series Resistor
Serial UART	TX / RX Asynchronous	115200 Baud	Continuous Telemetry	USB CDC Interface